A trial comparing pembrolizumab and chemotherapy for people with urothelial (urinary tract) cancer

This trial compared pembrolizumab with chemotherapy for cancer of the urinary tract that had come back or continued to grow despite treatment.

The cancer may have spread elsewhere in the body. This is advanced cancer.

These urinary tract cancers include those starting from:

• centre of the kidney (renal pelvis)

• tube that takes urine from the kidney to the bladder (ureter)

• bladder

• tube that drains urine from the bladder and out of the body (urethra)

The lining of the urinary tract is called the urothelium, so cancer of the urinary tract can also be called urothelial cancer.

This trial was open for people to join between 2014 and 2015. These results were published in 2017 and 2018.