Grades of pancreatic cancer

Grading the different types of pancreatic cancer

Most pancreatic cancers are the exocrine type. This means that they start in cells that produce pancreatic digestive juices. More than 80 out of 100 exocrine pancreatic cancers (more than 80%) are adenocarcinomas. Nearly all of these are ductal adenocarcinomas. 

Pancreatic endocrine cancers start in the cells that make hormones such as insulin. They are also called pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).

Doctors grade pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cancers differently.

Find out about the different types of pancreatic cancer

Grading exocrine pancreatic cancer

There are 3 grades for exocrine pancreatic cancer:

Grade 1

The cancer cells look very like normal cells. They tend to grow slowly and are less likely to spread. They are also called low grade.

Grade 2

The cancer cells look more abnormal and tend to grow slightly faster. They are called intermediate grade.

Grade 3

The cancer cells look very abnormal. They are more likely to grow or spread quickly. They are also called high grade.

Differentiation

Differentiation means how developed or mature a cell is. Doctors might describe your pancreatic cancer as poorly or well differentiated. 

Doctors generally describe:

• grade 1 cancer cells as well differentiated

• grade 2 cancer cells as moderately differentiated

• grade 3 cancer cells as poorly differentiated

Grading for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs)

The pancreatic NEN grading system is a little different. This system looks at how normal or abnormal the cells are and also at how many cells are in the process of dividing.

A specialist doctor (pathologist) looks at the cells under a microscope and counts those that have started to split into two new cells (mitoses). They use a test called a Ki-67 test to see how many cells are almost ready to start splitting.

Find out about the staging and grading of pancreatic NENs