Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles. The testicles are part of the male reproductive system.

Symptoms of testicular cancer include a lump or swelling in part of one testicle or a heavy scrotum. Find out about other possible symptoms and when you should see your GP.

You usually start by seeing your GP. They might refer you for tests or to a specialist if you have symptoms that could be caused by testicular cancer.

Survival depends on many factors including the stage and type of your cancer. Survival for testicular cancer is high.

Your type of testicular cancer depends on which type of cell it started in. Knowing your type helps the doctor decide which treatment you need.

The stage describes the size of your cancer and whether it has spread. Doctors also look at the level of tumour markers in your blood.

You usually have surgery. You might have chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This depends on the stage and type of your testicular cancer. 

Sometimes testicular cancer comes back (relapses) after treatment. It can still usually be cured. 

After treatment, you have regular check ups to look for signs of the cancer coming back.

Getting practical and emotional support can help you cope with a diagnosis of cancer.

Research trials aim to improve treatment for testicular cancer and to understand more about the causes.

There are some factors that increase the risk of testicular cancer. These include having an undescended testicle and abnormal cells in the testicle.